Prostatic hyperplasia is a benign overgrowth of glandular tissue. Otherwise, this benign tumor is called prostate adenoma.
This disease occurs most often in men after 40 years of age. And this age accounts for more than 1/3 of patients with urological problems. But prostatic hyperplasia in men after 60 years of age is even more common.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia in men has differences from other tumors of this area. It is distinguished from oncology by the absence of atypical cells and slower growth. But in some cases it is capable of degenerating into a cancerous tumor.
Causes of hyperplasia
The main reason for the development is the action of hormones. With age, the male body ceases to produce testosterone (male sex hormone) in sufficient quantities. Because of this, tissue overgrowth occurs.
The occurrence of pathology is also influenced by some factors. These include:
- heredity (the risk of tumor development increases if cases have been registered in close relatives);
- overweight
- chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus);
- unbalanced diet;
- chronic infections of the genital system.
Symptomatology of the disease
When the disease develops, the prostate gland overgrows, which contributes to the narrowing of the urethra. Therefore, the main signs of the disease is a violation of urination.
Signs of prostatic hyperplasia:
- Frequent urination (especially at night);
- Weak urine stream;
- Feeling of not emptying the bladder completely;
- Strong urges to urinate, urinary incontinence;
- Pain in the prostate area (in the late stages of the disease);
- Appearance of blood in the urine;
- Pain during urination;
- Decreased sexual function.
Methods of treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Therapeutic tactics for benign prostatic hyperplasia depends on the age, condition of the patient, the presence of concomitant pathology. In the early stages of development, surveillance tactics or conservative techniques are used. At later stages, surgical treatment is indicated.
Conservative methods
With compensated adenoma of the prostate gland, drug treatment is not prescribed. The patient is recommended to undergo annual transrectal ultrasound of the prostate and take tests. This allows you to monitor the development of the disease and take the necessary measures in time.
At the second stage, when there are moderate or pronounced violations, prescribe drugs that relax the muscles of the prostate and bladder. They facilitate the discharge of urine, but do not affect the process of tumor growth.
Surgical treatment
Removal of the tumor is indicated in the following cases:
- severe urethral stenosis;
- high risk of prostate cancer;
- recurrent urinary retention;
- large volume of residual urine;
- ineffectiveness of conservative therapy.
Minimally traumatic methods of tumor removal through natural openings are used. In modern urological surgery, laser technology is actively used, which reduces the risk of postoperative complications. The optimal method of surgery is selected by a doctor. Open surgery is performed for large and giant prostate tumors.
Prognosis and prevention
To prevent the development of prostate adenoma, men are recommended to balance their diet, do not abuse alcohol, fatty foods, red meat, coffee, sweets. If overweight, it is necessary to adhere to a low-calorie diet and lead a moderately active lifestyle to reduce weight. It is necessary to undergo regular preventive examinations with a urologist, avoid the risk of infection with sexually transmitted infections, timely and fully treat inflammatory diseases. If dysuric disorders occur, it is necessary to seek help as soon as possible.
The role of psychoemotional state in the development of prostatic hyperplasia
Do not forget about the psychoemotional state of the man, as stress and nervous tension can be additional factors that contribute to the development of prostatic hyperplasia. Prolonged stress can lead to an increase in the level of stress hormones, which, in turn, disrupts the hormonal balance in the body and can affect the development of benign hyperplasia.
Innovative approaches in the treatment of prostatic hyperplasia
With the development of medicine, new, more effective and minimally traumatic methods of treatment of prostatic hyperplasia are emerging. Currently, technologies such as transurethral resection, laser vaporization, and radiofrequency ablation are actively used. These techniques minimize trauma, recovery is faster, and the risks of postoperative complications are minimal.
Some modern approaches also include the use of stents to dilate the urethra and the use of various medications to help improve symptoms even if surgery is not required.
Psychological support and quality of life
Men with prostatic hyperplasia may experience psychological problems such as reduced self-esteem, depression or embarrassment due to impaired urinary and sexual function. This can have an impact on quality of life and the ability to cope with the disease. It is important for men to understand that the disease is not fatal and that it is successfully treated at various stages. Support from loved ones, regular counseling with the doctor and, if necessary, psychological support can help to cope with the difficulties that accompany the disease.
Conclusion
Prostate hyperplasia is a common condition that occurs in men, especially after the age of 40. Although it is a benign disease, it requires careful attention to diagnosis and treatment. Regular preventive examinations by a urologist, observance of a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition play a key role in preventing the development of prostate adenoma and minimizing its consequences. Modern treatment methods, including drug therapy and innovative surgical technologies, provide high efficiency and minimal risks of complications.
It is important to remember that prostatic hyperplasia is not a verdict, and with early diagnosis and proper treatment it is possible to maintain a high quality of life. Psychological support and attention to their condition help to cope with the problems that arise against the background of the disease, as well as improve the general well-being and psycho-emotional state of the man.
Taking care of your health, regular consultations with a doctor and attention to your body will help you avoid serious complications and continue to live an active life in adulthood.
